UK PUBLIC CAPITAL MONITOR
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Multilateral institutions and reform

Default and Recovery Statistics — Private Lending 1994–2025

Institution research
Authors
Global Emerging Markets Risk Database Consortium
Publisher
GEMs Consortium

What it examines

Examines pooled private-sector lending experience across development finance institutions and multilateral banks from 1994 to 2025. It adds a pilot analysis of contractual credit spreads from 2006 to 2025 alongside default and recovery evidence. Spreads exclude fees and are not net investment returns; changes in reporting methods can affect comparisons over time.

Why it matters

BII, IFC and EBRD are GEMs members. The research informs scrutiny of lending risk and efforts to attract private investors at institutions backed by the UK. Its pooled results do not measure the performance or value of the UK’s holdings.

Institutions and themes

Related documents

Catalogue entry reviewed 9 Oct 2026. The summary describes the publication’s analysis; it does not establish that historical findings remain current.